Venezuela

Ordinance of 28 March 2018 on measures against Venezuela (RS 946.231.178.5), Annex 1

Verordnung vom 28. März 2018 über Massnahmen gegenüber Venezuela (SR 946.231.178.5), Anhang 1

Ordonnance du 28 mars 2018 instituant des mesures à l'encontre du Venezuela (RS 946.231.178.5), annexe 1

Ordinanza del 28 marzo 2018 che istituisce provvedimenti nei confronti del Venezuela (RS 946.231.178.5), allegato 1

art. 2 para. 1 (Financial sanctions) and art. 3 para. 1 (Travelban)

Art. 2 Abs. 1 (Finanzsanktionen) und Art. 3 Abs. 1 (Ein- und Durchreiseverbot)

art. 2, al. 1 (Sanctions financières) et art. 3, al. 1 (Interdiction de séjour et de transit)

art. 2 cpv. 1 (Sanzioni finanziarie) e art. 3 cpv. 1 (Divieto di entrata e di transito)

Tibisay

Lucena Ramírez

Minister of University Education since Oct 2021. President of the National Electoral Council (Consejo Nacional Electoral or CNE) from Apr 2006 until Jun 2020. Her actions and policies have undermined democracy and the rule of law in Venezuela, including by failing to ensure that the CNE remains an impartial and independent institution in accordance with the Venezuelan Constitution, thereby facilitating the establishment of the Constituent Assembly and the re-election of Nicolás Maduro in May 2018 through presidential elections that were neither free nor fair.Minister of University Education since Oct 2021. President of the National Electoral Council (Consejo Nacional Electoral or CNE) from Apr 2006 until Jun 2020. Her actions and policies have undermined democracy and the rule of law in Venezuela, including by failing to ensure that the CNE remains an impartial and independent institution in accordance with the Venezuelan Constitution, thereby facilitating the establishment of the Constituent Assembly and the re-election of Nicolás Maduro in May 2018 through presidential elections that were neither free nor fair.President of the National Electoral Council (Consejo Nacional Electoral or CNE) from Apr 2006 until Jun 2020. Her actions and policies have undermined democracy and the rule of law in Venezuela, including by failing to ensure that the CNE remains an impartial and independent institution in accordance with the Venezuelan Constitution, thereby facilitating the establishment of the Constituent Assembly and the re-election of Nicolás Maduro in May 2018 through presidential elections that were neither free nor fair.

Maikel

José

Moreno Pérez

Judge of the Criminal Appeal Chamber of the Supreme Court of Venezuela (Tribunal Supremo de Justicia (TSJ)). Former President and Vice President of the Supreme Court. In those roles, he has supported and facilitated the Government’s actions and policies which have undermined democracy and the rule of law in Venezuela, and is responsible for actions and statements that have usurped the authority of the National Assembly, including the appointment of the National Electoral Council (CNE) in Jun 2020 and the suspension and replacement of the leadership of three opposition parties in Jun and Jul 2020.Judge of the Criminal Appeal Chamber of the Supreme Court of Venezuela (Tribunal Supremo de Justicia (TSJ)). Former President and Vice President of the Supreme Court. In those roles, he has supported and facilitated the Government’s actions and policies which have undermined democracy and the rule of law in Venezuela, and is responsible for actions and statements that have usurped the authority of the National Assembly, including the appointment of the National Electoral Council (CNE) in Jun 2020 and the suspension and replacement of the leadership of three opposition parties in Jun and Jul 2020.President, and former Vice President, of the Supreme Court of Justice of Venezuela (Tribunal Supremo de Justicia). In these roles, he has supported and facilitated the Government’s actions and policies which have undermined democracy and the rule of law in Venezuela, and is responsible for actions and statements that have usurped the authority of the National Assembly, including the appointment of the National Electoral Council (CNE) in Jun 2020 and the suspension and replacement of the leadership boards of three opposition parties in Jun and Jul 2020.

Freddy

Alirio

Bernal Rosales

Governor of Táchira State since winning the elections in Nov 2021. Former Head of the National Control Centre of the Committee for Local Supply and Production (CLAP) and former Protector of Táchira State. Also a Commissioner General of the Bolivarian National Intelligence Service (SEBIN). As Head of the CLAP and Protector of Táchira State he was able to call upon Special Forces (FAES) and to influence appointments of judges and prosecutors. Responsible for undermining democracy through manipulation of CLAP programme distributions amongst voters. Additionally, as Commissioner General of SEBIN he is responsible for SEBIN’s activities which include serious human rights violations such as arbitrary detention.Governor of Táchira State since winning the elections in Nov 2021. Former Head of the National Control Centre of the Committee for Local Supply and Production (CLAP) and former Protector of Táchira State. Also a Commissioner General of the Bolivarian National Intelligence Service (SEBIN). As Head of the CLAP and Protector of Táchira State he was able to call upon Special Forces (FAES) and to influence appointments of judges and prosecutors. Responsible for undermining democracy through manipulation of CLAP programme distributions amongst voters. Additionally, as Commissioner General of SEBIN he is responsible for SEBIN’s activities which include serious human rights violations such as arbitrary detention.Head of the National Control Centre of the Committee for Local Supply and Production (CLAP) and Protector of Táchira State. Also a Commissioner General of the Bolivarian National Intelligence Service (SEBIN). As Head of the CLAP and Protector of Táchira State he can call upon Special Forces (FAES) and is able to influence appointments of judges and prosecutors. Responsible for undermining democracy through manipulation of CLAP programme distributions amongst voters. Additionally, as Commissioner General of SEBIN he is responsible for SEBIN’s activities which include serious human rights violations such as arbitrary detention.

Alexis

Enrique

Escalona Marrero

Chief in Charge of the National Office Against Organized Crime and Terrorist Financing (ONDOFT) from Jan 2018 until May 2019. Retired Major General, former Vice Minister for prevention and public safety at the Ministry of the Interior (appointed in 2017 by President Maduro) and former National Commander of the National Anti-Extortion and Kidnapping Command (Comando Nacional Antiextorsión y Secuestro (CONAS)) (between 2014 and 2017). Responsible for serious human rights violations, including torture, the use of excessive force and the mistreatment of detainees by members of CONAS under his command. Also responsible for the repression of civil society by members of CONAS under his command.Chief in Charge of the National Office Against Organized Crime and Terrorist Financing (ONDOFT) from Jan 2018 until May 2019. Retired Major General, former Vice Minister for prevention and public safety at the Ministry of the Interior (appointed in 2017 by President Maduro) and former National Commander of the National Anti-Extortion and Kidnapping Command (Comando Nacional Antiextorsión y Secuestro (CONAS)) (between 2014 and 2017). Responsible for serious human rights violations, including torture, the use of excessive force and the mistreatment of detainees by members of CONAS under his command. Also responsible for the repression of civil society by members of CONAS under his command.Chief in Charge of the National Office Against Organized Crime and Terrorist Financing (ONDOFT) from Jan 2018 until May 2019. National Commander of the National Anti-Extortion and Kidnapping Command (Comando Nacional Antiextorsión y Secuestro (CONAS)) between 2014 and 2017. Responsible for serious human rights violations, including torture, the use of excessive force and the mistreatment of detainees by members of CONAS under his command. Also responsible for the repression of civil society by members of CONAS under his command.

Gladys

del Valle Requena

V-4114842Venezuela

Inspector General of the Courts since 27 Apr 2022. Former member of the non-democratically elected National Assembly and former member and the Second Vice-President of the non-recognised National Constituent Assembly (ANC). In her leading role in the non-recognised ANC, she has undermined democracy and the rule of law in Venezuela, including by signing the decree that stripped the president of the National Assembly of Venezuela, Juan Guaidó, of his parliamentary immunity.Inspector General of the Courts since 27 Apr 2022. Former member of the non-democratically elected National Assembly and former member and the Second Vice-President of the non-recognised National Constituent Assembly (ANC). In her leading role in the non-recognised ANC, she has undermined democracy and the rule of law in Venezuela, including by signing the decree that stripped the president of the National Assembly of Venezuela, Juan Guaidó, of his parliamentary immunity.Member of the non-democratically elected National Assembly and former member and the Second Vice-President of the non-recognised National Constituent Assembly (ANC). In her leading role in the non-recognised ANC, she has undermined democracy and the rule of law in Venezuela including by signing the decree that stripped the president of the National Assembly of Venezuela, Juan Guaidó, of his parliamentary immunity.

Juan

José

Mendoza Jover

Arnoldo Gabaldón

V-9499372Venezuela

Former Second Vice-President of the Venezuelan Supreme Court (Tribunal Supremo de Justicia (TSJ)) and former President of the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court (Feb 2017 – Apr 2022). His actions have undermined democracy and the rule of law in Venezuela, including by a number of judicial rulings in the past two years that have limited or undermined the constitutional powers of Venezuela’s democratically-elected legislative body, the National Assembly.Former Second Vice-President of the Venezuelan Supreme Court (Tribunal Supremo de Justicia (TSJ)) and former President of the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court (Feb 2017 – Apr 2022). His actions have undermined democracy and the rule of law in Venezuela, including by a number of judicial rulings in the past two years that have limited or undermined the constitutional powers of Venezuela’s democratically-elected legislative body, the National Assembly.Second Vice-President of the Venezuelan Supreme Court of Justice (Tribunal Supremo de Justicia (TSJ)) and President of the Constitutional Chamber of the TSJ since 24 Feb 2017. His actions have undermined democracy and the rule of law in Venezuela, including by a number of judicial rulings in the past two years that have limited or undermined the constitutional powers of Venezuela’s democratically-elected legislative body, the National Assembly.

Remigio

Ceballos Ichaso

V-6557495Venezuela

Since Aug 2021, Minister of the Interior and Justice of Venezuela and Vice-President of the Government for Citizen Security. Former Commander of the Operational and Strategic Command of the Bolivarian National Armed Forces of Venezuela (Comando Estratégico Operacional Fuerzas Armadas Nacionales Bolivarianas (CEOFANB)), the highest organ in the Venezuelan Armed Forces (Jun 2017–Jul 2021). CEOFANB controls the Bolivarian National Armed Forces (FANB) and the Bolivarian National Guard. CEOFANB is also responsible for coordinating FANB interventions in demonstrations. In his position as Commander of CEOFANB, he was responsible for serious human rights violations, including the use of excessive force and inhuman and degrading treatment by officials of the FANB and by subordinate forces under his command, including the Bolivarian National Guard. Various sources, including the Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, attribute human rights violations to FANB and the Bolivarian National Guard.Since Aug 2021, Minister of the Interior and Justice of Venezuela and Vice-President of the Government for Citizen Security. Former Commander of the Operational and Strategic Command of the Bolivarian National Armed Forces of Venezuela (Comando Estratégico Operacional Fuerzas Armadas Nacionales Bolivarianas (CEOFANB)), the highest organ in the Venezuelan Armed Forces (Jun 2017–Jul 2021). CEOFANB controls the Bolivarian National Armed Forces (FANB) and the Bolivarian National Guard. CEOFANB is also responsible for coordinating FANB interventions in demonstrations. In his position as Commander of CEOFANB, he was responsible for serious human rights violations, including the use of excessive force and inhuman and degrading treatment by officials of the FANB and by subordinate forces under his command, including the Bolivarian National Guard. Various sources, including the Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, attribute human rights violations to FANB and the Bolivarian National Guard.Former commander of the Operational and Strategic Command of the Bolivarian National Armed Forces of Venezuela (Comando Estratégico Operacional Fuerzas Armadas Nacionales Bolivarianas (CEOFANB)), the highest organ in the Venezuelan Armed Forces (Jun 2017–Jul 2021). CEOFANB controls the Bolivarian National Armed Forces (FANB) and the Bolivarian National Guard. CEOFANB is also responsible for coordinating FANB interventions in demonstrations. In his position as commander of CEOFANB, he was responsible for serious human rights violations, including the use of excessive force and inhuman and degrading treatment by officials of the FANB and by subordinate forces under his command, including the Bolivarian National Guard. Various sources, including the Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, attribute human rights violations to FANB and the Bolivarian National Guard.

Omar

José

Prieto Fernández

V-9761075Venezuela

Former Governor of Zulia State (2017 - 2021). In this position he has undermined democracy and the rule of law in Zulia State. He was sworn in by the non-recognised National Constituent Assembly (ANC), after the legitimate winner of the election refused to be sworn in by the ANC. Omar José Prieto Fernández actively promoted the non-democratic elections for the National Assembly which took place on 6 Dec 2020. Moreover, in Zulia State he threatened opposition leaders with ‘house visits’ and stated to declare Zulia State independent should an interim government lead by Juan Guaidó assume power.Former Governor of Zulia State (2017 - 2021). In this position he has undermined democracy and the rule of law in Zulia State. He was sworn in by the non-recognised National Constituent Assembly (ANC), after the legitimate winner of the election refused to be sworn in by the ANC. Omar José Prieto Fernández actively promoted the non-democratic elections for the National Assembly which took place on 6 Dec 2020. Moreover, in Zulia State he threatened opposition leaders with ‘house visits’ and stated to declare Zulia State independent should an interim government lead by Juan Guaidó assume power.Governor of Zulia State since Dec 2017. In this position he has undermined democracy and the rule of law in Zulia State. He was sworn in by the non-recognised National Constituent Assembly (ANC), after the legitimate winner of the election refused to be sworn in by the ANC. Omar José Prieto Fernández actively promoted the non-democratic elections for the National Assembly which took place on 6 Dec 2020. Moreover, in Zulia State he threatened opposition leaders with “house visits” and stated to declare Zulia State independent should an interim government led by Juan Guaidó assume power.

Lourdes

Benicia

Suárez Anderson

Judge of the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court (Tribunal Supremo de Justicia (TSJ)) since Dec 2005 and Vice President of the Constitutional Chamber since Apr 2022. Former President of the Constitutional Chamber and former first Vice-President of the Supreme Court. As a member of the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court, she is responsible for actions, statements and rulings that have usurped the constitutional powers of the National Assembly and undermined the opposition’s electoral rights including the unilateral appointment by the Supreme Court of the National Electoral Council (Consejo Nacional Electoral (CNE)) in Jun 2020 and the suspension and unilateral replacement of the leadership of three of the main democratic opposition parties in Jun and Jul 2020, as well as the extension of the ruling on Acción Democrática for one more year in May 2021. Her actions have therefore undermined democracy and the rule of law in Venezuela, and she has supported and facilitated the undermining of democracy and the rule of law by the executive branch.Judge of the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court (Tribunal Supremo de Justicia (TSJ)) since Dec 2005 and Vice President of the Constitutional Chamber since Apr 2022. Former President of the Constitutional Chamber and former first Vice-President of the Supreme Court. As a member of the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court, she is responsible for actions, statements and rulings that have usurped the constitutional powers of the National Assembly and undermined the opposition’s electoral rights including the unilateral appointment by the Supreme Court of the National Electoral Council (Consejo Nacional Electoral (CNE)) in Jun 2020 and the suspension and unilateral replacement of the leadership of three of the main democratic opposition parties in Jun and Jul 2020, as well as the extension of the ruling on Acción Democrática for one more year in May 2021. Her actions have therefore undermined democracy and the rule of law in Venezuela, and she has supported and facilitated the undermining of democracy and the rule of law by the executive branch.President of the Constitutional Chamber and first Vice-president of the Supreme Court since 5 Feb 2021. Judge of the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court (Tribunal Supremo de Justicia (TSJ)) since Dec 2005. As a member of the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court, she is responsible for actions, statements and rulings that have usurped the constitutional powers of the National Assembly and undermined the opposition’s electoral rights including the unilateral appointment by the Supreme Court of the National Electoral Council (Consejo Nacional Electoral (CNE)) in Jun 2020 and the suspension and unilateral replacement of the leadership of three of the main democratic opposition parties in Jun and Jul 2020, as well as the extension of the ruling on Acción Democrática for one more year in May 2021. Her actions have therefore undermined democracy and the rule of law in Venezuela, and she has supported and facilitated the undermining of democracy and the rule of law by the executive branch.

René

Alberto

Degraves Almarza

Substitute judge of the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court (Tribunal Supremo de Justicia (TSJ)) since Apr 2022. Former judge of the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court. As a member of the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court, he has been responsible for actions, statements and rulings that have usurped the constitutional powers of the National Assembly and undermined the opposition’s electoral rights including the unilateral appointment by the Supreme Court of the National Electoral Council (Consejo Nacional Electoral (CNE)) in Jun 2020 and the suspension and unilateral replacement of the leadership of three of the main democratic opposition parties in Jun and Jul 2020, as well as the extension of the ruling on Acción Democrática for one more year in May 2021. His actions have therefore undermined democracy and the rule of law in Venezuela, and he has supported and facilitated the undermining of democracy and the rule of law by the executive branch.Substitute judge of the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court (Tribunal Supremo de Justicia (TSJ)) since Apr 2022. Former judge of the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court. As a member of the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court, he has been responsible for actions, statements and rulings that have usurped the constitutional powers of the National Assembly and undermined the opposition’s electoral rights including the unilateral appointment by the Supreme Court of the National Electoral Council (Consejo Nacional Electoral (CNE)) in Jun 2020 and the suspension and unilateral replacement of the leadership of three of the main democratic opposition parties in Jun and Jul 2020, as well as the extension of the ruling on Acción Democrática for one more year in May 2021. His actions have therefore undermined democracy and the rule of law in Venezuela, and he has supported and facilitated the undermining of democracy and the rule of law by the executive branch.Judge of the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court (Tribunal Supremo de Justicia (TSJ)). As a member of the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court, he is responsible for actions, statements and rulings that have usurped the constitutional powers of the National Assembly and undermined the opposition’s electoral rights including the unilateral appointment by the Supreme Court of the National Electoral Council (Consejo Nacional Electoral (CNE)) in Jun 2020 and the suspension and unilateral replacement of the leadership of three of the main democratic opposition parties in Jun and Jul 2020, as well as the extension of the ruling on Acción Democrática for one more year in May 2021. His actions have therefore undermined democracy and the rule of law in Venezuela, and he has supported and facilitated the undermining of democracy and the rule of law by the executive branch.

Arcadio

Delgado Rosales

Former judge and Vice-President of the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court (Tribunal Supremo de Justicia (TSJ)). As a member of the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court, he has been responsible for actions, statements and rulings that have usurped the constitutional powers of the National Assembly and undermined the opposition’s electoral rights, including the unilateral appointment by the Supreme Court of the National Electoral Council (Consejo Nacional Electoral (CNE)) in Jun 2020 and the suspension and unilateral replacement of the leadership of three of the main democratic opposition parties in Jun and Jul 2020, as well as the extension of the ruling on Acción Democrática for one more year in May 2021. His actions have therefore undermined democracy and the rule of law in Venezuela, and he has supported and facilitated the undermining of democracy and the rule of law by the executive branch.Former judge and Vice-President of the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court (Tribunal Supremo de Justicia (TSJ)). As a member of the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court, he has been responsible for actions, statements and rulings that have usurped the constitutional powers of the National Assembly and undermined the opposition’s electoral rights, including the unilateral appointment by the Supreme Court of the National Electoral Council (Consejo Nacional Electoral (CNE)) in Jun 2020 and the suspension and unilateral replacement of the leadership of three of the main democratic opposition parties in Jun and Jul 2020, as well as the extension of the ruling on Acción Democrática for one more year in May 2021. His actions have therefore undermined democracy and the rule of law in Venezuela, and he has supported and facilitated the undermining of democracy and the rule of law by the executive branch.Judge and Vice-President of the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court (Tribunal Supremo de Justicia (TSJ)). As a member of the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court, he is responsible for actions, statements and rulings that have usurped the constitutional powers of the National Assembly and undermined the opposition’s electoral rights including the unilateral appointment by the Supreme Court of the National Electoral Council (Consejo Nacional Electoral (CNE)) in Jun 2020 and the suspension and unilateral replacement of the leadership of three of the main democratic opposition parties in Jun and Jul 2020, as well as the extension of the ruling on Acción Democrática for one more year in May 2021. His actions have therefore undermined democracy and the rule of law in Venezuela, and he has supported and facilitated the undermining of democracy and the rule of law by the executive branch.

Carmen

Auxiliadora

Zuleta de Merchán

Former judge of the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court (Tribunal Supremo de Justicia (TSJ)). As a member of the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court, she has been responsible for actions, statements and rulings that have usurped the constitutional powers of the National Assembly and undermined the opposition’s electoral rights including the unilateral appointment by the Supreme Court of the National Electoral Council (Consejo Nacional Electoral (CNE)) in Jun 2020 and the suspension and unilateral replacement of the leadership of three of the main democratic opposition parties in Jun and Jul 2020, as well as the extension of the ruling on Acción Democrática for one more year in May 2021. Her actions have therefore undermined democracy and the rule of law in Venezuela, and she has supported and facilitated the undermining of democracy and the rule of law by the executive branch.Former judge of the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court (Tribunal Supremo de Justicia (TSJ)). As a member of the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court, she has been responsible for actions, statements and rulings that have usurped the constitutional powers of the National Assembly and undermined the opposition’s electoral rights including the unilateral appointment by the Supreme Court of the National Electoral Council (Consejo Nacional Electoral (CNE)) in Jun 2020 and the suspension and unilateral replacement of the leadership of three of the main democratic opposition parties in Jun and Jul 2020, as well as the extension of the ruling on Acción Democrática for one more year in May 2021. Her actions have therefore undermined democracy and the rule of law in Venezuela, and she has supported and facilitated the undermining of democracy and the rule of law by the executive branch.Judge of the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court (Tribunal Supremo de Justicia (TSJ)). As a member of the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court, she is responsible for actions, statements and rulings that have usurped the constitutional powers of the National Assembly and undermined the opposition’s electoral rights including the unilateral appointment by the Supreme Court of the National Electoral Council (Consejo Nacional Electoral (CNE)) in Jun 2020 and the suspension and unilateral replacement of the leadership of three of the main democratic opposition parties in Jun and Jul 2020, as well as the extension of the ruling on Acción Democrática for one more year in May 2021. Her actions have therefore undermined democracy and the rule of law in Venezuela, and she has supported and facilitated the undermining of democracy and the rule of law by the executive branch.

Indira

Maira

Alfonzo Izaguirre

V-6978710Venezuela

Former President of the Electoral Chamber of the Supreme Court (Tribunal Supremo de Justicia (TSJ)). Former chairwoman of the National Electoral Council (Consejo Nacional Electoral (CNE)), appointed on 13 Jun 2020. Former member of the Electoral Chamber and Plenary Chamber of the Supreme Court, Second Vice-Chairwoman of the Supreme Court from 2015 until 24 Feb 2017, Vice-Chairwoman of the Supreme Court from 24 Feb 2017 until 12 Jun 2020. As a member of the Electoral Chamber of the Supreme Court, Indira Maira Alfonzo Izaguirre is responsible for the actions taken against the then newly elected National Assembly in Dec 2015, resulting in the impossibility for the National Assembly to exert its legislative power. Moreover, she accepted her appointment as the chairwoman of the CNE in Jun 2020 by the Supreme Court although this prerogative belongs to the National Assembly. In that role she prepared and supervised the non-democratic elections of the National Assembly held on 6 Dec 2020 and participated in the change of 30 Jun 2020 to the electoral norms for those elections, without formally leaving the Supreme Court (temporary permit to integrate the CNE). After the renewal of the CNE in May 2021, she returned to the Supreme Court. Her actions have therefore undermined democracy and the rule of law in Venezuela.Former President of the Electoral Chamber of the Supreme Court (Tribunal Supremo de Justicia (TSJ)). Former chairwoman of the National Electoral Council (Consejo Nacional Electoral (CNE)), appointed on 13 Jun 2020. Former member of the Electoral Chamber and Plenary Chamber of the Supreme Court, Second Vice-Chairwoman of the Supreme Court from 2015 until 24 Feb 2017, Vice-Chairwoman of the Supreme Court from 24 Feb 2017 until 12 Jun 2020. As a member of the Electoral Chamber of the Supreme Court, Indira Maira Alfonzo Izaguirre is responsible for the actions taken against the then newly elected National Assembly in Dec 2015, resulting in the impossibility for the National Assembly to exert its legislative power. Moreover, she accepted her appointment as the chairwoman of the CNE in Jun 2020 by the Supreme Court although this prerogative belongs to the National Assembly. In that role she prepared and supervised the non-democratic elections of the National Assembly held on 6 Dec 2020 and participated in the change of 30 Jun 2020 to the electoral norms for those elections, without formally leaving the Supreme Court (temporary permit to integrate the CNE). After the renewal of the CNE in May 2021, she returned to the Supreme Court. Her actions have therefore undermined democracy and the rule of law in Venezuela.President of the Electoral Chamber of the Supreme Court (Tribunal Supremo de Justicia (TSJ)) since May 2021. Former chairwoman of the National Electoral Council (Consejo Nacional Electoral (CNE)), appointed on 13 Jun 2020. Former member of the Electoral Chamber and Plenary Chamber of the Supreme Court (TSJ), Second Vice-Chairwoman of the TSJ from 2015 until 24 Feb 2017, Vice-Chairwoman of the TSJ from 24 Feb 2017 until 12 Jun 2020. As member of the Electoral Chamber of the TSJ, Alfonzo Izaguirre is responsible for the actions taken against the then newly elected National Assembly in Dec 2015, resulting in the impossibility for the National Assembly to exert its legislative power. Moreover, she accepted her appointment as the chairwoman of the CNE in Jun 2020 by the TSJ although this prerogative belongs to the National Assembly. In that role she prepared and supervised the non-democratic elections of the National Assembly held on 6 Dec 2020 and participated in the change of 30 Jun 2020 to the electoral norms for those elections, without formally leaving the TSJ (temporary permit to integrate the CNE). After the renewal of the CNE in May 2021, she returned to the TSJ. Her actions have therefore undermined democracy and the rule of law in Venezuela.

Leonardo

Enrique

Morales Poleo

Former Vice-President of the National Electoral Council (Consejo Nacional Electoral (CNE)) and President of the Political Participation and Financing Commission (Aug 2020–May 2021). Leonardo Enrique Morales Poleo was appointed Vice-President of the CNE and President of the Political Participation and Financing Commission on 7 Aug 2020 by the Supreme Court (Tribunal Supremo de Justicia (TSJ)) although this prerogative belongs to the National Assembly. Moreover, just prior to his appointment he served in the Advanced Progressive Party (Avanzada progresista). As member (rector) and Vice-President of the CNE, he fully took part in the decision-making process of the CNE. He supported and facilitated the supervision of the electoral process that led to the non-democratic elections of the National Assembly on 6 Dec 2020. His actions have therefore further undermined democracy and the rule of law in Venezuela. Leonardo Enrique Morales Poleo accepted to be appointed to the CNE and remained in his position as Vice-President of the CNE while democracy was severely undermined in Venezuela.Former Vice-President of the National Electoral Council (Consejo Nacional Electoral (CNE)) and President of the Political Participation and Financing Commission (Aug 2020–May 2021). Leonardo Enrique Morales Poleo was appointed Vice-President of the CNE and President of the Political Participation and Financing Commission on 7 Aug 2020 by the Supreme Court (Tribunal Supremo de Justicia (TSJ)) although this prerogative belongs to the National Assembly. Moreover, just prior to his appointment he served in the Advanced Progressive Party (Avanzada progresista). As member (rector) and Vice-President of the CNE, he fully took part in the decision-making process of the CNE. He supported and facilitated the supervision of the electoral process that led to the non-democratic elections of the National Assembly on 6 Dec 2020. His actions have therefore further undermined democracy and the rule of law in Venezuela. Leonardo Enrique Morales Poleo accepted to be appointed to the CNE and remained in his position as Vice-President of the CNE while democracy was severely undermined in Venezuela.Former Vice-President of the National Electoral Council (Consejo Nacional Electoral (CNE)) and President of the Political Participation and Financing Commission (Aug 2020–May 2021). Morales Poleo was appointed Vice-President of the CNE and President of the Political Participation and Financing Commission on 7 Aug 2020 by the Supreme Court (Tribunal Supremo de Justicia (TSJ)) although this prerogative belongs to the National Assembly. Moreover, just prior to his appointment he served in the Advanced Progressive Party (Avanzada progresista). As member of the CNE, he fully took part in the supervision of the electoral process that led to the non-democratic elections of the National Assembly on 6 Dec 2020. His actions have therefore undermined democracy and the rule of law in Venezuela.

Tania

d'Amelio Cardiet

Venezuela

V-11691429Venezuela

Judge of the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court (Tribunal Supremo de Justicia (TSJ)) since Apr 2022. Former member (rector) of the National Electoral Council (Consejo Nacional Electoral (CNE)) for the period 2016-2023. Former Member (rector) of the CNE for the period 2010-2016. Tania d’Amelio Cardiet, as rector of the CNE since 2010, contributed directly by her activity in her functions to the undermining of democracy and the rule of law in Venezuela, including by preparing the non-democratic 2020 National Assembly elections, participating in the change of 30 Jun 2020 to the electoral norms for those elections, and participating in the organisation and execution of the 2018 presidential elections. Moreover, Tania d’Amelio Cardiet accepted her 2016 appointment at the CNE by the Supreme Court, although this prerogative belongs to the National Assembly.Judge of the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court (Tribunal Supremo de Justicia (TSJ)) since Apr 2022. Former member (rector) of the National Electoral Council (Consejo Nacional Electoral (CNE)) for the period 2016-2023. Former Member (rector) of the CNE for the period 2010-2016. Tania d’Amelio Cardiet, as rector of the CNE since 2010, contributed directly by her activity in her functions to the undermining of democracy and the rule of law in Venezuela, including by preparing the non-democratic 2020 National Assembly elections, participating in the change of 30 Jun 2020 to the electoral norms for those elections, and participating in the organisation and execution of the 2018 presidential elections. Moreover, Tania d’Amelio Cardiet accepted her 2016 appointment at the CNE by the Supreme Court, although this prerogative belongs to the National Assembly.Member (Rector) of the National Electoral Council (Consejo Nacional Electoral (CNE)) for the period 2016-2023. Former Member (Rector) of the CNE for the period 2010-2016. Tania d’Amelio Cardiet, as rector of the CNE since 2010, contributed directly by her activity in her functions to the undermining of the democracy and the rule of law in Venezuela, including by preparing the non-democratic 2020 National Assembly elections, participating in the change of 30 Jun 2020 to the electoral norms for these elections, and participating in the organization and execution of the 2018 presidential elections. Moreover, d’Amelio Cardiet accepted her 2016 appointment at the CNE by the Supreme Court (Tribunal Supremo de Justicia (TSJ)), although this prerogative belongs to the National Assembly.

Jesús

Emilio

Vásquez Quintero

V-7422049Venezuela

President of the Court Martial and the Military Criminal Judicial Circuit since 17 Sep 2021. Division General since 5 Jul 2019 and former Attorney General of the Military Prosecutor’s Office (Dec 2017 - 17 Sep 2021). As Attorney General of the Military Prosecutor’s Office, responsible for undermining democracy and the rule of law in Venezuela. The Military Prosecutor’s Office has been linked to internal judicial prosecution in the Armed Forces, and failures to investigate incidents, including the case of the death of Captain Acosta in 2019. Moreover, military justice is being applied to civilians.President of the Court Martial and the Military Criminal Judicial Circuit since 17 Sep 2021. Division General since 5 Jul 2019 and former Attorney General of the Military Prosecutor’s Office (Dec 2017 - 17 Sep 2021). As Attorney General of the Military Prosecutor’s Office, responsible for undermining democracy and the rule of law in Venezuela. The Military Prosecutor’s Office has been linked to internal judicial prosecution in the Armed Forces, and failures to investigate incidents, including the case of the death of Captain Acosta in 2019. Moreover, military justice is being applied to civilians.Division General since 5 Jul 2019 and Attorney General of the Military Prosecutor’s Office since Dec 2017. As Attorney General of the Military Prosecutor’s Office responsible for undermining democracy and the rule of law in Venezuela. The Military Prosecutor’s Office has been linked to internal judicial prosecution in the Armed Forces, and failures to investigate incidents, including the case of the death of captain Acosta in 2019. Moreover, military justice is being applied to civilians.

Manuel

Eduardo

Pérez Urdaneta

V-6357038Venezuela

001234503Venezuelaexpired 2012

Former Deputy Minister of the Interior and Justice. Within the Venezuelan Ministry of the Interior and Justice, Brigadier General Manuel Eduardo Pérez Urdaneta ranked as one of five Deputy Ministers. His portfolio encompassed Preventive Security and Public Safety (Viceministro de prevención y Seguridad Ciudadana). Before that, Brigadier General Pérez served as Director of the Bolivarian National Police. In that role he was responsible for serious human rights violations, including the use of severe physical force against peaceful protesters, committed by officials of the Bolivarian National Police under his authority.Former Deputy Minister of the Interior and Justice. Within the Venezuelan Ministry of the Interior and Justice, Brigadier General Manuel Eduardo Pérez Urdaneta ranked as one of five Deputy Ministers. His portfolio encompassed Preventive Security and Public Safety (Viceministro de prevención y Seguridad Ciudadana). Before that, Brigadier General Pérez served as Director of the Bolivarian National Police. In that role he was responsible for serious human rights violations, including the use of severe physical force against peaceful protesters, committed by officials of the Bolivarian National Police under his authority.Deputy Minister of the Interior and Justice since 7 Apr 2015. Within the Venezuelan Ministry of the Interior and Justice, Brigadier General Manuel Eduardo Pérez Urdaneta ranks as one of five Deputy Ministers. His portfolio encompasses Preventive Security and Public Safety (Viceministro de prevención y Seguridad Ciudadana). Previously, Brigadier General Pérez served as Director of the Bolivarian National Police. In this role responsible for serious human rights violations, including the use of severe physical force against peaceful protesters, committed by officials of the Bolivarian National Police under his authority.ItalySan CristóbalTáchira stateVenezuelaPuerto SantoSucreVenezuelaTrujilloVenezuelaCandelariaEdo. TrujilloLa GuairaLa Guaira StateVenezuelaCaguaState of Aragua